1. 1.) Hellenistic: A word to describe things that are related the Greek culture, language, or practices. 2.) Alexandria: A flourishing city on the mouth of the Nile, which had many impressive physical works and scholars. 3.) Euclid: A highly regarded mathematician who wrote the Elements. 4.) Archimedes: Hellenistic scientist in Alexandria, who made many accurate and important advances in the field of astronomy. 5.) Colossus of Rhodes: One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, this was a large bronze statue that was placed at the harbor of Rhodes
2.  By bringing into contact with each other a variety of cultures and beliefs from both east and west.
3.  By writing the Elements, which espoused proofs and principles that Hellenic astronomers would use as foundational beliefs in their study of the sun, earth, etc.
4. Stoicism and Epicureanism both espoused that one should be in harmony with something, be it the Gods and nature's laws, in the case of the former, or the body and mind, in the case of the latter.